Mortality Risk Factors in Appalachian Burn Patients: A 13-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction Burn injuries pose a significant public health challenge globally, with Appalachia facing unique obstacles due to its rugged terrain, economic disparities, and limited access to healthcare. Understanding mortality risk factors specific to Appalachian burn patients is crucial for optimizing treatment approaches in this underserved population. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of burn patient data from Cabell Huntington Hospital's burn intensive care unit (BICU) over 13 years was conducted. Patient records were reviewed, and demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Results Among 1,104 Appalachian burn patients treated at Cabell Huntington Hospital's BICU between January 2010 and June 2023, advanced age, larger total body surface area (TBSA) burned, inhalation injuries, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and third-degree burns were significant predictors of mortality. Advanced age (p < 0.001, OR: 1.07), larger TBSA burned (p < 0.001, OR: 1.1), inhalation injuries (p < 0.001, OR: 8.34), COPD (p < 0.001, OR: 2.64), and third-degree burns (p < 0.001, OR: 6.45) were significant predictors of mortality. Gender, smoking history, diabetes mellitus (DM), and body mass index did not significantly differ between survivors and deceased patients. Discussion/conclusion Our findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions for Appalachian burn patients. Advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, and burn severity significantly impact mortality risk, emphasizing the need for comprehensive care strategies. Specialized burn centers play a critical role in managing complex burn injuries in underserved regions. Addressing mortality risk factors identified in this study is essential for optimizing burn care outcomes in Appalachia. Tailored interventions and collaborative efforts are needed to improve survival rates and promote health equity for burn patients in underserved regions. Future research should explore additional factors influencing burn outcomes and assess disparities in access to specialized care services.