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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

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Published on: November 6, 2014

Multisystem Comorbidities Associated With Orofacial Dysfunction in the Appalachian Region: A Retrospective Analysis.

Armein Rahimpour¹, Emily Grace Saurborn², Benjamin Wetherall Clark²

¹From the Department of Surgery, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open

|January 22, 2026

Summary

Cleft palate and lip anomalies are common in Appalachia and often linked to serious health issues. Early diagnosis and care are vital for improving outcomes in this rural population.

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Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

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Published on: December 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Medical research
Congenital anomalies
Public health

Background:

Cleft lip and/or palate are common congenital anomalies.
Rural populations like Appalachia face healthcare access barriers, potentially delaying diagnosis and care.
These anomalies can be associated with systemic comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the prevalence of comorbidities and syndromic associations in patients with cleft anomalies in a rural Appalachian setting.
To identify functional impairments associated with cleft anomalies in this population.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 83 patients with cleft anomalies treated between 2017-2021.
Analysis of demographics, cleft type, functional impairments, comorbidities, and syndromic associations.
Statistical analysis using chi-squared tests to determine associations.

Main Results:

Isolated cleft palate was the most common defect (53%), with a female predominance.
Significant associations were found between cleft anomalies and cardiac, central nervous system, endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal comorbidities.
Over 25% of patients had a known genetic or chromosomal syndrome; feeding, speech, and hearing impairments were also common.

Conclusions:

Multisystem comorbidities are prevalent in Appalachian cleft lip and/or palate patients, particularly those with cleft palate.
Early identification of associated anomalies is critical for effective multidisciplinary management.
Improving outcomes in underserved populations requires addressing these complex health needs.