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Telesurgery: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Directions
Sumeet Kumar Reddy1, Shady Saikali1, Ahmed Gamal1
1AdventHealth Global Robotics Institute, Celebration, FL.
Objective:
To undertake a systematic review of the medical literature on telesurgery, with a key focus on identifying the key technical and nontechnical themes searched in medical articles and to analyze gaps in the current knowledge base on telesurgery.
Background:
It has now been over 2 decades since the first successful case of telesurgery and since this time, there have been significant technological and telecommunications advancements.
Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Details of the protocol for this systematic review were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024511530).
Results:
In total, 102 unique references were allocated into 5 categories: technical, cybersecurity, ethical, financial, and regulatory considerations to discuss key themes. The vast majority of references were related to technical considerations, which have demonstrated the feasibility of telesurgery. The nontechnical considerations have a paucity of literature and a lack of guidance on telesurgery which appears to still be the major barriers to telesurgery.
Conclusions:
Telesurgery presents many interdisciplinary challenges, encompassing both important technical and nontechnical (such as cybersecurity, ethical, financial, and regulatory) considerations. Further research, collaboration between stakeholders, a collaborative community of experts, and the development of comprehensive consensus frameworks are essential steps toward the widespread adoption of telesurgery.
