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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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The 2024 IPD-MHC database update: a comprehensive resource for major histocompatibility complex studies.

Giuseppe Maccari1,2, James Robinson3,4, Dominic J Barker3,4

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Summary

The IPD-MHC database now contains over 18,000 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles from 125 species. New features include predicted tertiary structures and tools for comparing allele variation, aiding immunogenetic research.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic genomic region crucial for immune responses.
  • Non-human MHC sequences are essential for understanding immune system evolution and function.
  • Existing repositories often lack comprehensive data or advanced analytical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the latest version of the IPD-MHC database, an expanded repository for non-human MHC sequences.
  • To introduce new tools for data visualization, comparison, and structural analysis.
  • To facilitate the study of MHC evolution and function across diverse species.

Main Methods:

  • Manual curation and nomenclature of MHC alleles by the Comparative MHC Nomenclature Committee.
  • Inclusion of over 18,000 MHC alleles from 125 species, organized taxonomically.
  • Integration of predicted tertiary structures for over 8,000 alleles.
  • Development of tools for comparing allele variation at single residue resolution.

Main Results:

  • The IPD-MHC database now hosts over 18,000 curated MHC alleles across 125 species and eleven taxonomic groups.
  • A new cetacean section (Cetacea Leukocyte Antigens - CeLA) has been added.
  • Predicted tertiary structures and comparative visualization tools are now available for thousands of alleles.
  • The database links curated nomenclature with advanced analytical capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The updated IPD-MHC database provides a significantly enhanced resource for immunogenetic and evolutionary studies.
  • New features support detailed analysis of MHC polymorphism within and between species.
  • The repository serves as a critical hub for non-human MHC data, nomenclature, and analysis.