Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

15.2K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
15.2K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

8.7K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
8.7K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

5.4K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
5.4K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

23.3K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
23.3K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

10.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.0K
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

4.6K
The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles,...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HEB collaborates with TCR signaling to upregulate <i>Id3</i> and enable γδT17 cell maturation in the fetal thymus.

eLife·2026
Same author

HEB collaborates with TCR signaling to upregulate <i>Id3</i> and enable γδT17 cell maturation in the fetal thymus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

The translatome of glioblastoma.

Molecular oncology·2024
Same author

Helical coiled nucleosome chromosome architectures during cell cycle progression.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Helical Coiled Nucleosome Chromosome Architectures during Cell Cycle Progression.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Nuclear morphology is shaped by loop-extrusion programs.

Nature·2024
Same journal

Mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling: A metabolic rheostat defining tumor and immune cell fate.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same journal

Cross-priming underlies the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates and immunotherapy combinations.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same journal

Gut microbiome metabolites meet immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel disease.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same journal

Metabolic regulatory nodes of the inflammasome and inflammatory cell death.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same journal

Parental leave in immunology - 6.

Trends in immunology·2026
Same journal

T cell control of the intestinal barrier and gut microbiota during ageing.

Trends in immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
10:40

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

22.5K

Constructing polymorphonuclear cells: chromatin folding shapes nuclear morphology.

Cornelis Murre1, Indumathi Patta1, Shreya Mishra2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|October 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear architecture guides immune cell differentiation. Loop extrusion mechanisms regulate gene expression and cell shape, potentially orchestrating polymorphonuclear cell development and organelle organization.

Keywords:
cytoplasmic architectureinflammatory gene expression programsloop extrusionneutrophil-specific transcription signaturesneutrophilsnuclear architecturenuclear shapephagocytosisphase separationpolymorphonuclear cells

More Related Videos

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
11:25

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells

Published on: January 25, 2020

10.3K
Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
10:40

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

22.5K
3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
11:25

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells

Published on: January 25, 2020

10.3K
Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear architecture plays a crucial role in regulating immune cell fate.
  • Polymorphonuclear cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) undergo specific differentiation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate how nuclear architecture, specifically loop extrusion, instructs mammalian polymorphonuclear cell differentiation.
  • To propose a model integrating physical forces, loop extrusion, and phase separation in cell fate determination.
  • To explore the role of loop extrusion in organizing cytoplasmic organelles.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on nuclear architecture and cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of gene expression related to phagocytosis and nuclear morphology in neutrophils.
  • Conceptual modeling of physical forces and phase separation in cell fate decisions.

Main Results:

  • Loop extrusion mechanisms regulate genes involved in neutrophil phagocytosis and nuclear shape.
  • Diminished loop extrusion programs are proposed to drive eosinophil and basophil differentiation.
  • A model is presented where physical forces, loop extrusion, and phase separation dictate mononuclear versus polymorphonuclear cell fate.
  • Loop extrusion programs are suggested to control the spatial arrangement of cytoplasmic organelles.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear architecture, particularly loop extrusion, is a key regulator of polymorphonuclear cell differentiation.
  • Loop extrusion influences both nuclear morphology and cytoplasmic organization.
  • The findings suggest potential for engineering nuclear shapes and cytoplasmic architectures by manipulating loop extrusion programs.