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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
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Increasing Utilization of Intratympanic Injections among Medicare Fee-for-Service Providers.

Rance J T Fujiwara1, Donald Tan, Joe Walter Kutz

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Otology & Neurotology : Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [And] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intratympanic injections in Medicare patients rose 57.9% from 2013-2021, with significant geographic variations in utilization across the US. Practice patterns for these ear injections also showed considerable differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Health Services Research
  • Medical Economics

Background:

  • Intratympanic injections are a common otolaryngologic procedure.
  • Understanding national practice patterns is crucial for resource allocation and quality improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze national trends and geographic disparities in intratympanic injection administration among Medicare beneficiaries.
  • To characterize practice patterns and utilization rates across different regions in the United States.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of Medicare fee-for-service data from 2013 to 2021.
  • Utilized the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Physician and Other Practitioners database.
  • Analyzed Current Procedural Terminology code 69801 for outpatient intratympanic injections.

Main Results:

  • Over 159,000 intratympanic injections were performed, with total reimbursements exceeding $25 million.
  • A 57.9% increase in injections was observed from 2013 to 2021, averaging an additional 990 injections annually.
  • Significant geographic variation in injection rates per 100,000 beneficiaries was noted, ranging from 12.0 in Oklahoma to 255.2 in Alabama.

Conclusions:

  • The utilization of intratympanic injections within the Medicare population has shown a consistent upward trend between 2013 and 2021.
  • Substantial variability exists in the practice patterns and utilization of intratympanic injections among otolaryngologists nationwide.