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[Recent evolution of the epidemiology and burden of invasive meningococal disease]
Samy Taha1, Ala-Eddine Deghmane1
1Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, unité des infections bactériennes invasives et Centre national de référence des méningocoques et Haemophilus influenzae, Paris, France.
Abstract:
RECENT EVOLUTION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BURDEN OF INVASIVE MENINGOCOCAL DISEASE. The landscape of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has changed considerably since the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of cases has decreased significantly following the non-pharmaceutical interventions employed to counter the pandemic, but vaccination rates were also lower during the pandemic than pre-pandemic levels. Once the health restrictions were lifted, IMD rapidly rebounded, initially with a resurgence in adolescents/young adults, then in other age groups, reaching a higher number of cases in 2023 than in the pre-pandemic period, with profound epidemiological and genotypic changes, particularly for serogroups W and Y. The number of serogroup C cases remains very low, thanks to the protection offered by the serogroup C conjugate vaccination program for children.
Insights
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases decreased during the pandemic but rebounded significantly afterward, with notable shifts in epidemiology and serogroup prevalence. Serogroup C cases remain low due to successful childhood vaccination programs.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Context:
- The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions reduced IMD cases, but also lowered vaccination rates.
- Post-pandemic, IMD has rebounded with substantial epidemiological and genotypic shifts.
Purpose:
- To analyze the recent evolution of invasive meningococcal disease epidemiology and burden.
- To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IMD trends.
- To identify changes in serogroup prevalence and affected populations.
Summary:
- IMD cases declined during pandemic restrictions but surged post-lifting, exceeding pre-pandemic levels by 2023.
- A resurgence initially in adolescents and young adults has broadened to other age groups.
- Significant epidemiological and genotypic changes are observed, particularly for serogroups W and Y.
- Serogroup C cases remain minimal, demonstrating the effectiveness of conjugate vaccination programs in children.
Impact:
- Highlights the dynamic nature of infectious disease epidemiology in response to global events.
- Informs public health strategies for controlling and preventing future IMD outbreaks.
- Underscores the importance of sustained vaccination efforts and ongoing surveillance for meningococcal disease.
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