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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Integrated spin-wave quantum memory.

Tian-Xiang Zhu1,2, Ming-Xu Su1,2, Chao Liu1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

National Science Review
|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate integrated quantum memory using spin-wave storage in a laser-written waveguide. This breakthrough enables on-demand retrieval of quantum information in solid-state devices for scalable quantum networks.

Keywords:
integrated opticsquantum memoryquantum networkquantum optics

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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Solid-state physics
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Scalable quantum networks rely on photonic integrated quantum memories.
  • Spin-wave quantum storage offers on-demand retrieval and long lifetimes but lacked integrated solid-state demonstration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate spin-wave quantum storage in an integrated solid-state device.
  • To achieve high-fidelity quantum information storage and retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a laser-written waveguide in a 151Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal.
  • Implementation of atomic frequency comb and noiseless photon-echo protocols for quantum storage.
  • Encoding qubits with single-photon-level inputs.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of spin-wave quantum storage in an integrated solid-state device.
  • Achieved high-fidelity storage and retrieval of qubits (fidelity > [Formula: see text]).
  • Fidelity surpasses classical device capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Laser-written integrated devices show significant potential for practical quantum networks.
  • Enables construction of integrated multiplexed quantum repeaters.
  • Facilitates development of high-density, transportable quantum memories.