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Related Concept Videos

What Are Outliers?01:12

What Are Outliers?

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Outliers are observed data points that are far from the least squares line. They have unusual values and need to be examined carefully. Though an outlier may result from erroneous data, at other times, it may hold valuable information about the population under study and should be included in the data. Hence, it is crucial to examine what causes a data point to be an outlier.
The z score is used to find outliers or unusual values. It should be noted that any values beyond -2 and +2 are...
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Outliers and Influential Points01:08

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An outlier is an observation of data that does not fit the rest of the data. It is sometimes called an extreme value. When you graph an outlier, it will appear not to fit the pattern of the graph. Some outliers are due to mistakes (for example, writing down 50 instead of 500), while others may indicate that something unusual is happening. Outliers are present far from the least squares line in the vertical direction. They have large "errors," where the "error" or residual is the...
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Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test01:02

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Sometimes, a data set can have a recorded numerical observation that greatly  deviates from the rest of the data. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, a statistical method called the Grubbs test can be used to determine whether the observation is truly an outlier.  To perform a two-tailed Grubbs test, first, calculate the absolute difference between the outlier and the mean. Then, calculate the ratio between this difference and the standard deviation of the sample. This...
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Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test01:00

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When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
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Professional Behavior Assessment During Residency Training: Can We Identify Outliers?

Ann Van Heest1, Steven Frick2, John Harrast3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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|October 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Behavior Tool (ABOSBT) shows most residents exhibit professional behavior. This study analyzed 2 years of ABOSBT data to identify and characterize low scores in orthopaedic surgery residents.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Professionalism Assessment

Background:

  • The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior (KSB) project established a competency-based framework for orthopaedic surgery residency.
  • The ABOS Behavior Tool (ABOSBT) assesses professional behavior across five domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze two years of ABOSBT assessment results.
  • To characterize low score ratings in orthopaedic surgery residents' professional behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed 51,678 ABOSBT assessments from January 2022 to December 2023.
  • Analyzed data from 360° assessments and end-of-rotation evaluations.
  • Identified low scores and evaluated trends across training years and evaluator types.

Main Results:

  • 0.9% of all ABOSBT scores were low; reliability was the most frequent domain for low scores.
  • Second- and third-year residents received the greatest number of low scores.
  • 360° assessments yielded a higher percentage of low scores compared to end-of-rotation assessments.

Conclusions:

  • The ABOSBT effectively identifies residents with professionalism deficiencies for targeted educational improvement.
  • Most residents demonstrate professional behavior, but the tool aids in early identification of those needing support.
  • Continued tracking of ABOSBT low scores will refine its effectiveness in identifying unprofessional behavior during residency.