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In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography
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Semi-Automated Analysis of Dome-Shaped Macula in Preterm and Full-Term Infants Using Handheld Swept-Source Optical

Joshua N Dang1, Jolan Wu2,3, Yujiao Zheng4

  • 1California University of Science and Medicine School of Medicine, Colton, California, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|October 23, 2024
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Summary

Dome-shaped macula (DSM) is common in preterm infants, unlike in full-term infants. This infantile condition is typically round, not ridge-shaped, and not associated with macular fluid.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Dome-shaped macula (DSM) is a recognized condition in highly myopic adults and has recently been observed in preterm infants.
  • Investigational handheld swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) offers a novel approach to studying infantile ocular conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize infantile dome-shaped macula (DSM) using handheld SS-OCT.
  • To compare the prevalence and features of DSM in preterm versus full-term infants.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, observational study involving SS-OCT imaging of preterm and full-term infants.
  • Assessment of macular features including DSM, subretinal fluid, and macular edema by trained graders.
  • Semi-automated measurement of foveal immaturity, dome height, and diameter.

Main Results:

  • DSM was detected in 40% of preterm infants compared to 14% of full-term infants (P = 0.01).
  • Mean postmenstrual age at DSM diagnosis was significantly lower in preterm infants (38.4 weeks) versus full-term infants (40.4 weeks).
  • Infantile DSM predominantly exhibited a round configuration, differing from the ridge-shaped form seen in older individuals, and was not associated with macular fluid.

Conclusions:

  • Dome-shaped macula (DSM) is frequently observed in infants, particularly preterm infants, without a clear association with macular fluid.
  • The predominantly round configuration of infantile DSM distinguishes it from the morphology typically seen in children and adults.
  • Handheld SS-OCT is a valuable tool for characterizing infantile macular abnormalities.