Methods to protein and peptide extraction from microalgae: a systematic review.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Sustainable Food Sources
• Protein Extraction

Background:

• Growing demand for sustainable protein sources beyond traditional agriculture.
• Microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria are efficient protein producers using light, CO2, and minerals.
• Protein extraction methods significantly impact yield and bio-functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and analyze protein extraction methods for microalgae.
• To identify the most effective techniques and genera for high protein yield.
• To assess extraction efficiency based on literature from 2018-2023.

Main Methods:

• Literature search conducted on Scielo, ScienceDirect, and NCBI (PubMed).
• Selection of original studies published between 2018 and 2023.
• Analysis of 25 selected articles, including risk of bias assessment.

Main Results:

• Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Nannochloropsis are frequently studied microalgae genera for protein content.
• Mechanical methods achieved 46.0% extraction yield, while chemical hydrolysis reached 64.0%.
• Combined extraction methods demonstrated the highest efficiency, yielding up to 80.0% protein.

Conclusions:

• Microalgae are a viable source for sustainable protein production.
• Chemical hydrolysis and combined methods offer superior protein extraction yields.
• Careful consideration of extraction parameters is crucial for optimizing microalgal protein recovery.