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Who threw that stone? A study on DNA transfer.

Aileen Sorg1, Colin Charles Tièche1, Martin Zieger1

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DNA traces on stones are crucial in criminal investigations. This study shows DNA transfer depends on the handler, not the stone, complicating interpretation of touch DNA evidence in court.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Trace Evidence Analysis
  • DNA Profiling

Background:

  • Contact DNA on stones constitutes approximately 5% of crime scene samples.
  • Stone-based DNA evidence is vital in cases like burglary and property damage.
  • Interpreting DNA transfer on stones presents challenges in legal proceedings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DNA transfer mechanisms onto stones.
  • To differentiate between direct and indirect DNA deposition.
  • To assess the reliability of touch DNA evidence from stones in legal contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental design involving multiple participants throwing various stones.
  • Simulation of a handover scenario where one individual touched and another threw the stone.
  • Analysis of DNA quantity and deposition patterns on stones.

Main Results:

  • DNA transfer is primarily influenced by the individual handling the stone, not stone properties or throwing order.
  • In handover scenarios, the initial toucher contributed DNA as frequently as the thrower.
  • Observed DNA profiles do not definitively indicate the method of interaction with the stone.

Conclusions:

  • The origin of DNA on stones cannot be solely determined from the DNA profile.
  • Forensic interpretation of touch DNA on stones requires careful consideration of potential transfer pathways.
  • Findings highlight the complexity of interpreting trace DNA evidence in criminal cases.