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Investigations on the Hemostatic Potential of Physiological Body Fluids
Johannes Thaler1, Carla Tripisciano1, Rienk Nieuwland2,3
1Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Body fluids like milk and saliva can initiate blood coagulation via extracellular vesicles exposing tissue factor. This finding expands coagulation models beyond blood and vessel interactions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Hematology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Current coagulation models focus on blood, vessel walls, and tissue factor exposure.
- The role of other body fluids in initiating coagulation is largely unexamined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence for body fluid-induced coagulation.
- To explore the mechanisms and implications of this phenomenon.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on body fluids and coagulation.
- Analysis of the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and extrinsic tenase complexes.
Main Results:
- Mother's milk, saliva, urine, semen, and amniotic fluid can trigger coagulation.
- Extracellular vesicles in these fluids expose extrinsic tenase complexes (tissue factor and activated factor VII).
Conclusions:
- Body fluids possess intrinsic procoagulant activity mediated by EVs.
- This activity may relate to hemostatic protection and epithelial barrier regulation.
- Further research is needed to understand pathways relevant to gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory bowel disease.
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