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Isla: integrating full-scale ISA semantics and axiomatic concurrency models (extended version).

Alasdair Armstrong1, Brian Campbell2, Ben Simner1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

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|October 24, 2024
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Summary

This paper introduces Isla, a tool that integrates full-scale instruction-set architecture (ISA) semantics with concurrency models for software and hardware verification. Isla enables high-confidence evaluation of concurrent programs using arbitrary instructions on Armv8-A and RISC-V architectures.

Keywords:
Axiomatic concurrencyInstruction set architectureSymbolic execution

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Formal Methods
  • Computer Architecture

Background:

  • Instruction-set architecture (ISA) specifications like Armv8-A and RISC-V are crucial for software and hardware verification.
  • Existing approaches lack integration of full-scale ISA semantics with axiomatic concurrency models.
  • ISA semantics are complex, with Armv8-A exceeding 100k lines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present Isla, a tool for computing allowed behaviors of concurrent litmus tests against full-scale ISA definitions and concurrency models.
  • To provide a widely accessible tool with a web interface for evaluating concurrent program behaviors.
  • To establish a foundation for developing concurrency semantics for system-level functionalities.

Main Methods:

  • Developed Isla, based on a generic symbolic engine for Sail ISA specifications.
  • Integrated support for arbitrary axiomatic relaxed-memory concurrency models defined in the Cat language.
  • Equipped Isla with a web interface for accessibility and evaluated it for Armv8-A and RISC-V.

Main Results:

  • Isla successfully computes allowed behaviors of concurrent litmus tests using full-scale ISA semantics.
  • The symbolic execution engine has been applied to automated ISA test generation and program-logic reasoning.
  • Demonstrated Isla's capability for evaluating litmus tests with user-defined instructions on Armv8-A and RISC-V.

Conclusions:

  • Isla enables high-confidence evaluation of concurrent programs by leveraging authoritative ISA semantics.
  • The tool provides a basis for developing concurrency semantics for system functionalities like instruction fetch and memory management.
  • Isla facilitates verification tasks beyond litmus tests, including test generation and binary code reasoning.