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Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theories emphasize the potential for self-realization and the importance of addressing social and cultural, rather than biological, factors in personality development. She challenged traditional Freudian views, particularly Freud's concept of "penis envy," which she argued stemmed from cultural influences rather than inherent biological differences. Horney believed that any sense of inferiority in women was a result of societal conditioning, such as...
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Avoidance coping explains the link between narcissism and counternormative tendencies.

Wojciech Podsiadłowski1, Marta Marchlewska1, Marta Rogoza1

  • 1Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

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Summary

Narcissism may drive counternormative behaviors like conspiracy beliefs and cyberbullying by promoting avoidance coping strategies. This suggests these tendencies stem from maladaptive ways of managing stress.

Keywords:
avoidance copingcatfishingconspiracy theoriescyberbullyingnarcissism

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Narcissism is linked to counternormative tendencies such as conspiracy beliefs, cyberbullying, and catfishing.
  • These tendencies may arise from difficulties in experiencing psychological threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate avoidance coping as a mediator between narcissism and counternormative tendencies.
  • To understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the link between narcissism and maladaptive behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies with a total of 2643 participants from the United States and Poland.
  • Examined conspiracy beliefs, willingness to conspire, cyberbullying, and catfishing.
  • Utilized mediation analysis to assess the role of avoidance coping.

Main Results:

  • A consistent positive indirect relationship was found between narcissism and counternormative tendencies.
  • Avoidance coping significantly mediated the relationship between narcissism and behaviors like conspiracy beliefs and cyberbullying.
  • Findings were consistent across all four studies.

Conclusions:

  • Counternormative tendencies may represent maladaptive coping strategies.
  • Avoidance coping is a key mechanism linking narcissism to behaviors that deflect from stress at others' expense.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform interventions for narcissistic traits and related behaviors.