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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

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Extensive Temporomandibular Joint Herniation Into the External Auditory Canal

Mohammad Mokhatrish1, Sung Il Cho2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|October 24, 2024
PubMed

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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