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The association between insomnia and cognitive decline: A scoping review
Xiaotu Zhang1, Jiawei Yin1, Xuefeng Sun1
1School of Nursing, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Sleep Medicine
|October 24, 2024
Summary
Insomnia significantly increases the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, impacting memory and attention. This sleep disorder is linked to brain structure changes, suggesting a bidirectional relationship with cognitive impairment.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sleep Medicine
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder.
- Cognitive decline is a growing concern, particularly in aging populations.
- The relationship between sleep disturbances and cognitive function requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between insomnia and cognitive decline.
- To provide insights for clinical interventions and future research on sleep and cognition.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest) for studies within the last decade.
- Inclusion of 36 studies assessing sleep status and cognitive function using various measures.
- Quality evaluation, data extraction, and summary analysis of identified studies.
Main Results:
- Insomnia is associated with a significantly increased risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
- Impairments observed in attention, memory, visuospatial abilities, executive function, and verbal memory.
- MRI findings reveal reduced gray matter volume and white matter integrity in key brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus).
Conclusions:
- A potentially bidirectional relationship exists between insomnia and cognitive decline.
- Insomnia may precede and exacerbate cognitive decline through structural brain changes.
- Cognitive decline may also contribute to the onset and worsening of insomnia, highlighting a complex interplay.
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