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Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Paper 5: a methodological overview of methods and interventions.

Vivian Welch¹, Omar Dewidar², Anita Rizvi³

¹Bruyère Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

|October 24, 2024

Summary

Systematic reviews on racial health equity often overlook racism and use weak methods. Future reviews need better quality, focus on structural interventions, and address racism to advance equity for racialized populations.

Keywords:

Diversity Evidence syntheses Health inequities Inclusion Racial equity Racism Research methods Reviews

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

Public Health
Health Equity Research
Systematic Review Methodology

Background:

Racial health inequities persist globally.
Systematic reviews are crucial for evidence-based health policy.
Evaluating current review practices is essential for improving health equity research.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews on interventions for racialized populations.
To identify the types of interventions evaluated in these reviews.
To determine how effectively reviews address racism and intersectionality in health equity.

Main Methods:

Searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Campbell databases for relevant systematic reviews.
Included reviews published between January 2020 and January 2023.
Analyzed 157 reviews focusing on interventions for racialized populations and racial health equity.

Main Results:

Only 14% of reviews addressed the role of racism in health inequities.
11% considered intersectionality; 67% provided descriptive summaries instead of synthesis.
Many reviews used biased synthesis methods (e.g., vote counting) and focused on tailored rather than structural interventions.

Conclusions:

Systematic reviews on racial health equity require improved methodological rigor.
Reviews should explicitly define racism's role and employ robust analytical methods.
Increased focus on structural interventions and their implementation outcomes is necessary to advance racial health equity.