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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

A Lab-On-A-Chip Platform for Stimulating Osteocyte Mechanotransduction and Analyzing Functional Outcomes of Bone Remodeling
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Molecular Signaling Pathways and MicroRNAs in Bone Remodeling: A Narrative Review.

Monica Singh1, Puneetpal Singh1, Baani Singh1

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.

Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores bone remodeling, detailing five key molecular signaling pathways (RANK-OPG-RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt/β-catenin, Jagged/Notch, BMP) and their regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). Understanding miRNA roles can advance bone repair strategies.

Keywords:
(RANK)-osteoprotegrin (OPG) and RANK ligandJagged/NotchWnt/β-cateninbone morphogenetic proteinbone remodelingmacrophage colony-stimulating factorreceptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Bsignaling pathways

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bone remodeling is a lifelong process crucial for bone health, involving cellular interactions and signaling pathways.
  • Molecular signaling pathways regulate bone formation and resorption, impacting bone loss and fracture repair.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show potential in disease management by regulating gene expression, but their role in bone remodeling pathways is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of five major molecular signaling pathways involved in bone remodeling.
  • To introduce the microRNAs (miRNAs) that participate in these bone remodeling pathways.
  • To explore the potential of miRNA-mediated regulation for targeted bone repair and regeneration strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular signaling pathways in bone remodeling.
  • Identification and description of key signaling pathways: RANK-OPG-RANKL, M-CSF, Wnt/β-catenin, Jagged/Notch, and BMP.
  • Review of current knowledge on microRNAs regulating these pathways.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of the function of five major signaling pathways in bone cell formation and function.
  • Introduction of specific microRNAs involved in the regulation of these pathways.
  • Highlighting the unclear role of miRNAs in balancing bone formation and resorption.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA regulation of bone remodeling pathways is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting miRNA-bone signaling interactions may offer novel approaches for bone repair and regeneration.
  • Further research into miRNA-mediated mechanisms can improve treatments for bone diseases.