Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

8.7K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
8.7K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

7.2K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.2K
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

6.1K
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
6.1K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

5.2K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
5.2K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.2K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.2K
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

50.1K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
50.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Targeting Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii: In Silico Discovery of Novel Candidate Inhibitors for Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Synthase.

Current drug discovery technologies·2026
Same author

Promoting Microbiology Literacy and Holistic Health: IMiLI and IMiLI-SAC Perspectives on Microbes, Diet, Lifestyle and Society-A 5-Year Journey.

Microbial biotechnology·2026
Same author

Genome-wide association mapping and haplotype analysis reveal the genetic architecture of sodicity tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Steroid-responsive delayed multifocal encephalopathy following vasculotoxic snakebite with serial MRI evolution: a case report.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology·2026
Same author

LC-MS/MS-based metabolomic profiling of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels identifies key phytochemicals associated with α-amylase inhibition and antioxidant activity.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Exploiting selected Mur enzyme characteristics for antibacterial drug design.

Journal of microbiological methods·2026
Same journal

Genome-wide rotational and translational phasing of nucleosomes with human transcription factors.

Molecular cell·2026
Same journal

Spliceosomal proofreading factors safeguard 3' splice-site fidelity and prevent proteotoxicity and inflammation.

Molecular cell·2026
Same journal

Cytosolic EZH2-IMPDH2 complexes regulate melanoma progression and metastasis via GTP.

Molecular cell·2026
Same journal

A bacterial reverse transcriptase: Protein-templated DNA synthesis fuels antiviral immunity.

Molecular cell·2026
Same journal

Tweezing apart ribosome heterogeneity.

Molecular cell·2026
Same journal

An NADPH safety valve: De novo lipogenesis buffers biguanide-induced reductive stress.

Molecular cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

1.9K

Phosphorylation by JNK switches BRD4 functions.

Ballachanda N Devaiah1, Amit Kumar Singh1, Jie Mu1

  • 1Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Molecular Cell
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bromodomain 4 (BRD4) switches function via JNK phosphorylation, releasing from chromatin to activate transcription. This switch is key in immune responses and cancer progression.

Keywords:
BRD4EMTJNKcellular stresschromatin decompactionhistone acetyltransferasekinasephospho-BRD4thymocyte stimulationtranscription activation

More Related Videos

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination
09:16

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.4K
Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

1.9K
Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination
09:16

Oligopeptide Competition Assay for Phosphorylation Site Determination

Published on: May 18, 2017

8.4K
Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Bromodomain 4 (BRD4) is a crucial regulator in cancer and cellular stress.
  • BRD4 has dual roles: chromatin remodeling via HAT activity and transcription regulation via kinase activity.
  • BRD4's activity is context-dependent, with distinct functions when bound to chromatin versus promoters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism behind BRD4's functional switch between chromatin regulation and transcriptional activation.
  • To investigate the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in mediating BRD4 functional transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Phosphorylation site mapping of human BRD4.
  • Analysis of BRD4 release from chromatin upon stimulation.
  • Assessment of BRD4 kinase activity towards RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II), PTEFb, and c-Myc.
  • Evaluation of BRD4-mediated gene expression changes in thymocytes and prostate cancer cells.

Main Results:

  • JNK-mediated phosphorylation of BRD4 at Thr1186 and Thr1212 induces its release from chromatin.
  • Released BRD4 exhibits enhanced kinase activity, phosphorylating RNA Pol II, PTEFb, and c-Myc.
  • This functional switch promotes transcription of immune/inflammatory genes, CD8 expression in thymocytes, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer.

Conclusions:

  • JNK-mediated phosphorylation is a key mechanism for BRD4 functional switching.
  • BRD4 transitions from a chromatin modifier to a transcriptional activator through JNK signaling.
  • This switch has significant implications for immune responses and cancer development, particularly prostate cancer.