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Sleep Deficiency and Opioid Use Disorder: Trajectory, Mechanisms, and Interventions
Jennifer Langstengel1, H Klar Yaggi2
1Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, PO Box 208057, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
Abstract:
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic and relapsing brain disease characterized by loss of control over opioid use and impairments in cognitive function, mood, pain perception, and autonomic activity. Sleep deficiency, a term that encompasses insufficient or disrupted sleep due to multiple potential causes, including sleep disorders (eg, insomnia, sleep apnea), circadian disruption (eg, delayed sleep phase and social jet lag), and poor sleep quality (eg, sleep fragmentation, impaired sleep architecture), is present in greater than 75% of patients with OUD. This article focuses on highlighting bidirectional mechanisms between OUD and sleep deficiency and points toward promising therapeutic targets.
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