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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Implementation01:15

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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

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Check, Please! Supervisor-Learner Dyads Using "Checking" for Clinical Support During Indirect Supervision.

Andrea Gingerich1,2, Rose Hatala3,4, Tristen Gilchrist3,4

  • 1Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, V2N 4Z9, Canada. Andrea.Gingerich@unbc.ca.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|October 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indirect supervision fosters learner autonomy through communication. Learners and supervisors use "checking" language to ensure safe patient care and provide support at a distance.

Keywords:
clinical supervisionentrustmentindirect supervisionmedical education

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Clinical Supervision
  • Healthcare Communication

Background:

  • Indirect supervision is crucial for learner autonomy in clinical settings.
  • Learners and supervisors engage in remote clinical support through ongoing interactions.
  • Understanding the language of indirect supervision is key to optimizing learner development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the natural language used in indirect supervision.
  • To understand how learners and supervisors communicate clinical support at a distance.
  • To analyze the complementary activities of asking for and providing support.

Main Methods:

  • Collective case study of 15 attending physician-senior resident dyads.
  • Ethnographic observation over 2 full days per resident.
  • Iterative interviews and data analysis to identify communication patterns.

Main Results:

  • The phrase "checking" (e.g., checkpoints, checking in) was central to communication.
  • Attendings used scheduled checkpoints and oversight to monitor patient care.
  • Residents used "checking in" to provide updates, ask questions, and seek validation, preserving independence.

Conclusions:

  • Indirect supervision facilitates clinical support via ongoing, distanced communication.
  • It is a collaborative process ensuring safe patient care and accessible support.
  • Mutual reassurance between learners and supervisors is a key outcome.