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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Interplay of RNA m6A Modification-Related Geneset in Pan-Cancer.

Boyu Zhang1, Yajuan Hao2,3, Haiyan Liu1

  • 1Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China.

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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators are crucial in cancer, influencing gene expression, patient prognosis, and immune response across various cancer types. This study comprehensively analyzes their roles in pan-cancer.

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genomic heterogeneityimmune cell infiltrationm6Apan-cancerprognosistumor stemness

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Gene Regulation
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Oncology

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA and lncRNA modification in eukaryotes.
  • m6A plays critical roles in cellular physiology and pathology.
  • The involvement of m6A regulators in pan-cancer remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the functional roles of m6A regulators in pan-cancer.
  • To analyze genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with m6A regulators.
  • To evaluate the prognostic value of m6A regulators in various cancer types.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and analysis of 31 m6A modification regulators (writers, erasers, readers).
  • Functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction.
  • mRNA expression profiling, mutation analysis, and correlation studies with clinicopathological parameters, miRNAs, and drug responses.

Main Results:

  • Most m6A regulators are highly expressed and frequently mutated across cancers, with ZC3H13, VIRMA, and PRRC2A showing high mutation rates.
  • m6A regulator expression correlates significantly with clinicopathological features, miRNAs, and can classify tumors into distinct risk groups.
  • Tumor groups stratified by m6A regulator expression exhibit differential immune infiltration, stemness, genomic heterogeneity, and immune checkpoint gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a comprehensive overview of m6A regulators in pan-cancer.
  • m6A regulators exhibit significant functional roles, genetic alterations, and prognostic value.
  • Understanding m6A regulator dynamics offers potential therapeutic strategies in oncology.