Evaluating the Effects of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Pigs: A Systematic Review

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been investigated for their potential to improve feed palatability and growth performance in pigs, although their use in swine production remains limited. This systematic review evaluates the effects of NNS on pigs, drawing from 18 studies published between 1990 and 2024. Following the PRISMA guidelines and using the PICOS framework, a total of 448 papers were initially identified, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria for review. The results are mixed: some studies suggest that NNS like stevioside, sucralose, and neotame may improve performance and reduce diarrhea, while others show limited or no effects. The impact of NNS on gut microbiota is similarly inconsistent, with some sweeteners promoting beneficial bacterial growth, while others show minimal changes in microbial diversity. This review emphasizes the need for more research to clarify the effects of NNS in pigs, particularly the mechanisms behind their influence on growth and gut health. Additionally, further studies are needed to determine optimal dosages and assess the long-term impacts of NNS on pig immune function and overall health. The findings highlight the current gaps in knowledge and suggest that more evidence is needed to understand the role of NNS in swine nutrition.