Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug's Physicochemical Properties and Plasma Levels01:31

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug's Physicochemical Properties and Plasma Levels

182
Renal clearance of a drug is influenced by various factors, including its physicochemical properties and plasma levels. These factors play a significant role in determining how efficiently the kidneys eliminate a drug.
One important factor is the drug's molecular size. The kidneys readily excrete smaller molecules below 300 Daltons (Da). On the other hand, molecules weighing between 300 and 500 Da are excreted through both urine and bile. Larger molecules above 500 Da tend to be excreted...
182
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

81
Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
81
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

3.2K
During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
3.2K
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

603
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
603
Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

142
Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...
142
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

67
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
67

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents in Anesthesia: A Narrative Review of Contemporary Challenges and Reversal Approaches.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Case Report: Complexities in the Management of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Lessons from a Refractory Case.

Clinical medicine insights. Case reports·2026
Same author

Fish Oil-Containing Injectable Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition: Immunomodulation and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients-Narrative Review.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Reviving Old Antibiotics: New Indications and Therapeutic Perspectives-A Review.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Drug-induced hyponatremia associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted anticancer agents.

Polish archives of internal medicine·2026
Same author

Comparison of Outcomes From Intermittent Hemodialysis and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy With Systemic or Regional Anticoagulation in 128 Patients in a Polish Intensive Care Unit.

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

12.9K

Linezolid Adsorption on Filters during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An In Vitro Study.

Krzysztof Nosek1, Milena Samiec1,2, Hubert Ziółkowski3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Al. Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Polyethyleneimine-treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN PEI) filters significantly adsorb linezolid during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), affecting drug concentrations. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings in patients.

Keywords:
adsorptioncontinuous renal replacement therapydialysis filterlinezolid

More Related Videos

Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood
08:10

Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood

Published on: October 28, 2016

8.5K
Leukodepletion Filters-Derived CD34+ Cells As a Cell Source to Study Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation
06:57

Leukodepletion Filters-Derived CD34+ Cells As a Cell Source to Study Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation

Published on: May 20, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

12.9K
Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood
08:10

Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood

Published on: October 28, 2016

8.5K
Leukodepletion Filters-Derived CD34+ Cells As a Cell Source to Study Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation
06:57

Leukodepletion Filters-Derived CD34+ Cells As a Cell Source to Study Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation

Published on: May 20, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology and Critical Care
  • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
  • Biomaterials and Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is used in sepsis to remove toxins and cytokines, but may alter antimicrobial drug clearance.
  • Achieving target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices is crucial for effective antibiotic treatment during sepsis.
  • The adsorption of antibiotics by dialysis filters can impact their efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro adsorption of linezolid onto three different CRRT filter types.
  • To quantify linezolid adsorption by polysulfone (PS), polyethyleneimine-treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN PEI), and non-PEI-treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) filters.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) was performed using PS, PAN PEI, and PAN filters.
  • Linezolid (600 mg) was dissolved in bovine blood or 0.9% NaCl solution (700 mL), with a total volume of 1000 mL.
  • Drug concentrations were measured at time points, and adsorption differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Significant linezolid adsorption was observed with PAN PEI filters in both bovine blood and NaCl solutions.
  • Linezolid concentration in NaCl decreased by 52% (from 594.74 to 310.66 μg/mL) and in blood by 73% (from 495.18 to 359.84 μg/mL) over 120 minutes.
  • No significant linezolid adsorption was detected with PAN or PS filters.

Conclusions:

  • The type of CRRT filter significantly influences linezolid adsorption, with PAN PEI filters showing substantial drug removal.
  • These findings highlight the potential impact of filter choice on linezolid efficacy in patients undergoing CRRT.
  • Further in vivo research is warranted to validate these in vitro results and guide clinical practice.