Virtual Instruments for Peak-Overlapping Studies to Determine Low- and High-Concentration Components with Ion...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Chromatography
• Instrumental Analysis

Background:

• Commercial software limitations hinder systematic peak-overlapping studies for simultaneous ion determination.
• Accurate quantification of major and minor constituents in samples with wide concentration ranges presents analytical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop LabVIEW-based virtual instruments (VIs) for systematic peak-overlapping studies.
• To enable reliable simultaneous determination of major and minor ions in samples with wide concentration proportions.

Main Methods:

• Development of LabVIEW-based virtual instruments (VIs).
• Application of multilevel two-factorial response surface experimental designs.
• Ion chromatographic determination using an IonPac CS12A column and 50 μL injection loop.

Main Results:

• Simultaneous determination of potassium (minor) and sodium (major) ions was achieved.
• Effective analysis was possible for sodium to potassium concentration ratios ranging from 14 to 341 by adjusting sample dilutions.
• Potassium ion determination showed relative expanded uncertainty between 0.52-4.4% and relative bias between -3.8-1.9%.

Conclusions:

• The developed VIs facilitate evidence-based selection of concentration levels for accurate ion determination.
• VI-supported peak-overlapping studies significantly improve the quality of results in complex sample analyses.
• The method was successfully applied to various real-world samples, including physiologic solutions and anticoagulants.