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Aptamer-Encapsulated Cellular Nanoparticles for Neurotoxin Neutralization.

Mingxuan Kai1, Wei-Ting Shen1, Dan Wang1

  • 1Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
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Summary

New aptamer-based cellular nanoparticles neutralize neurotoxins like saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin. This dual-modal platform offers robust protection against potent toxins, validated in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords:
aptamerbiological neutralizationcellular nanoparticlenanomedicineneurotoxin

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Aptamers are specific DNA/RNA molecules that bind targets.
  • Neurotoxins pose significant health risks.
  • Existing neutralization methods have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop aptamer-selected cellular nanoparticles (CNPs) for neurotoxin neutralization.
  • To create a dual-modal detoxification platform combining aptamer specificity and nanoparticle delivery.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of CNPs against saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX).

Main Methods:

  • Selection of aptamers binding to STX and TTX.
  • Encapsulation of aptamers within metal-organic framework cores.
  • Coating of cores with neuronal cell membranes to form CNPs.
  • In vitro assays (osmotic swelling, Na+ flux, cytotoxicity) and in vivo mouse models.

Main Results:

  • CNPs demonstrated high colloidal stability and payload protection.
  • Effective neutralization of STX and TTX in vitro.
  • Successful in vivo toxin neutralization in both therapeutic and preventative mouse models.
  • Dual-modal neutralization mechanism confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-integrated CNPs provide a robust neurotoxin neutralization platform.
  • This approach offers broad-spectrum toxin neutralization with enhanced stability and efficacy.
  • The developed CNPs show promise for treating neurotoxin exposure.