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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
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Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Black Caregiver Perspectives During a Developmental Diagnostic Interview.

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This study highlights Black caregivers' experiences in developmental diagnostics, revealing a need for culturally responsive practices to improve early autism identification for Black children.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cultural Psychiatry
  • Health Disparities Research

Background:

  • Autism prevalence is rising across diverse populations.
  • Cultural factors in developmental diagnostic conversations are under-researched.
  • Black caregivers face discrimination and lack of cultural competence in healthcare settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To center Black caregivers' perspectives in a developmental diagnostic program for young children.
  • To identify factors influencing diagnostic experiences for Black families.
  • To inform culturally responsive diagnostic practices.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective qualitative study involving 19 Black caregivers of 13 toddlers.
  • Semi-structured interviews conducted by a multidisciplinary clinical team.
  • Conceptual content analysis of caregiver descriptions and experiences.

Main Results:

  • Caregivers described behaviors in language, learning, and temperament categories.
  • Descriptions were associated with situational and dispositional factors.
  • Experiences highlighted the need for improved cultural competence.

Conclusions:

  • Findings offer insights for culturally responsive diagnostic practices.
  • Enhancing caregiver-provider interactions can lead to earlier, more accurate diagnoses.
  • This research addresses critical gaps in autism diagnostics for Black children.