Comparison of aging of nonextraction treated and normal untreated occlusions: 40-year follow up

The objective of this study was to compare the aging changes of the dental arches in patients treated without extractions and untreated normal occlusion subjects after a four-decade follow-up. This retrospective study evaluated two groups: The Treated Group (Group T) comprised 16 patients (6 male; 10 female) presenting with Class I or Class II malocclusions treated orthodontically without extractions. Dental models were evaluated 3 stages: T1 (pretreatment, 13.20 years), T2 (posttreatment, 15.07 years) and T3 (long-term posttreatment, 50.32 years). The Untreated Group (Group UT) consisted of 22 untreated normal occlusion individuals. The dental casts were evaluated at the ages of 13.32 (T1), 17.82 (T2) and 60.95 years (T3). The dental casts were digitized and the irregularity index, intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths, overjet and overbite, arch length and perimeter were measured. Intergroup comparisons were performed with independent t tests (P < 0.05). From T1 to T2, the treated group showed maxillary and mandibular crowding and overjet decrease and a maxillary interpremolar and intermolar width increase compared to the untreated group. From T2 to T3, a greater maxillary and mandibular crowding increase and a greater arch length decrease were observed in the treated group compared to the normal occlusion subjects. Overbite increased in the treated group and decreased in the untreated group. The maturational changes of treated patients were different from untreated normal occlusion subjects. Relapse might have contributed for the greater changes observed in incisor crowding and arch length observed in orthodontically treated patients. The aging changes of untreated normal occlusions and nonextraction treated patients, after a four-decade follow-up, proved to be different, indicating that relapse of orthodontic treatment played a role in aging changes of treated patients.