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Predictors of Patient Engagement With an Interprofessional Lifestyle Medicine Program
Abby L Cheng1,2, Mollie E Dwivedi1, Adriana Martin1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA (AC, MD, AM, CL, DH).
Background:
Changes in lifestyle habits can reduce morbidity and mortality, but not everyone who can benefit from lifestyle intervention is ready to do so.
Purpose:
To describe characteristics of patients who did and did not engage with a lifestyle medicine program, and to identify predictors of engagement.
Methods:
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 276 adult patients who presented for consultation to a goal-directed, individualized, interprofessional lifestyle medicine program. The primary outcome was patients' extent of engagement. Candidate predictors considered in multivariable multinomial logistic regression models included baseline sociodemographic, psychological, and health-related variables.
Results:
A predictor of full engagement over no engagement was having private or Medicare insurance (rather than Medicaid, other, or no insurance) (OR 4.2 [95% CI 1.3-14.2], P = .021). A predictor of partial engagement over no engagement was having a primary goal to lose weight (OR 3.1 [1.1-8.4], P = .026).
Conclusions:
System-level efforts to support coverage of lifestyle medicine services by all insurers may improve equitable engagement with lifestyle medicine programs. Furthermore, when assessing patients' readiness to engage with a lifestyle medicine program, clinicians should consider and address their goals of participation.
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