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Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: The hidden circumgalactic medium.

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Summary

Understanding the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is key to galaxy evolution. New telescopes like AtLAST could image cold gas in the CGM, revealing crucial insights into galaxy formation across cosmic time.

Keywords:
GalaxiesISMSubmillimeter galaxiescircumgalactic mediumevolutionintergalactic mediumradio lines

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmic evolution and galaxy formation studies.
  • Characterization of the circumgalactic medium (CGM).

Background:

  • Interstellar medium (ISM) knowledge is advanced, but the circumgalactic medium (CGM) remains poorly understood.
  • The CGM, a diffuse gas reservoir, is crucial for understanding galaxy feedback and feeding mechanisms.
  • A significant fraction of CGM mass may exist in cold molecular and atomic phases, especially at high redshifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To motivate future observations of the cold CGM using the proposed Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST).
  • To highlight the scientific potential of imaging cold CGM gas phases for galaxy evolution studies.
  • To outline the technical requirements for AtLAST to conduct these observations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing theoretical and empirical arguments to support future CGM observations.
  • Focusing on far-infrared and sub-millimeter emission lines ([C ii], [O iii], [C I], CO) for studying cold gas.
  • Defining telescope and instrumentation specifications for AtLAST.

Main Results:

  • The study presents arguments for the necessity of observing the cold CGM.
  • It identifies key emission lines ([C ii], [O iii], [C I], CO) as tracers for cold CGM gas.
  • It outlines the required capabilities for a facility like AtLAST to achieve these observations.

Conclusions:

  • Observing the cold CGM with facilities like AtLAST is essential for a breakthrough in galaxy evolution understanding.
  • AtLAST's proposed specifications are well-suited for imaging these previously unconstrained gas phases.
  • Future observations will bridge the gap between ISM and halo scales, providing a comprehensive view of galactic ecosystems.