Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and Cancer risk: results from a dose-response Meta-analysis
Jingxuan Yang1, Kui Zhang2, Jingyi Shi1
1Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People's Republic of China.
Background:
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants in the environment. While some studies suggest that PFASs may contribute to cancer development, the link between PFAS exposure and cancer risk remains debated.
Methods:
This dose-response meta-analysis explores the relationship between PFASs and cancer. It employs odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD), along with their 95% confidence interval (CI), to assess the effects of PFASs on cancer risk. Relevant studies were sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and CNKI databases. The dose-response relationship was assessed by the fixed-effects model and least-squares regression.
Results:
Forty studies, involving a total of 748,188 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. Out of these, 13 studies were specifically analyzed for the dose-response relationship. Findings revealed that exposure to PFASs, especially PFDA, significantly raises the risk of genitourinary cancers, and PFDA exposure shows a dose-dependent increase in overall and breast cancer risk. Additionally, PFOS exposure is associated with an increased cancer risk, and elevated PFOA levels were significantly observed in breast cancer patients.
Conclusions:
The findings suggest that PFAS exposure is a potential cancer risk factor, with the carcinogenic potential of PFDA being dose-dependent.
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-024-00899-w.
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