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Related Concept Videos

Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

3.6K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
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Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas01:18

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas

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When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
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Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes

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The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
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Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

3.1K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
3.1K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

19.8K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
19.8K
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

22.7K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Spin Saturation Transfer Difference NMR SSTD NMR: A New Tool to Obtain Kinetic Parameters of Chemical Exchange Processes
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Adsorption Thermodynamics for Process Simulation.

Usman Hamid1, Chau-Chyun Chen1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
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Summary

This study introduces generalized thermodynamic models for adsorption equilibrium, overcoming limitations of existing methods. These new models improve accuracy in predicting multicomponent adsorption, reducing reliance on costly pilot studies for industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Adsorption is a vital separation technology in industry, yet rigorous thermodynamic modeling of multicomponent systems remains a challenge.
  • Current models like extended Langmuir and adsorbed solution theory have limitations, forcing reliance on expensive pilot studies for process development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for advanced adsorption thermodynamic models and critique existing ones.
  • To present generalized Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherms for accurate multicomponent adsorption equilibrium prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Derived an activity coefficient model to account for adsorbate-adsorbent interactions.
  • Generalized classical isotherms by replacing concentrations with activities for multicomponent systems.
  • Extended models to both monolayer and multilayer adsorption scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Developed generalized Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherms requiring minimal, physically meaningful parameters.
  • These models effectively address adsorbent surface heterogeneity, enthalpy, nonideality, and multilayer adsorption.
  • Demonstrated capability to predict adsorption azeotrope formation.

Conclusions:

  • The generalized models offer a more rigorous and accurate approach to thermodynamic modeling of adsorption equilibrium.
  • High-quality, comprehensive adsorption data are crucial for reliable model parameter determination and process optimization.
  • These advances can significantly reduce the need for extensive pilot studies in developing adsorption units.