[Clinical features and risk factors of cholestasis in small for gestational age preterm infants]

To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of cholestasis in small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants.

This study selected SGA preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation and admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow Universitywithin 24 hours after birth. The infants were divided into two groups: a cholestasis group and a non-cholestasis group. Clinical data from July 2017 to June 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Among the 553 SGA preterm infants included, 100 infants (18.1%) developed cholestasis. The incidence rates in different gestational age and birth weight groups were as follows: extremely preterm infants 50.0%, very preterm infants 46.6%, moderate preterm infants 32.7%, and late preterm infants 9.8%; birth weight (BW) <1 000 g 60.9%, 1 000 g≤BW<1 500 g 33.9%, and 1 500 g≤BW<2 500 g 10.7%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that low birth weight, intracranial hemorrhage, duration of invasive ventilation, total amino acid accumulation in the second week, total lipid emulsion accumulation in the first week, and total lipid emulsion accumulation in the second week were independent risk factors for cholestasis in SGA preterm infants (P<0.05).

The incidence of cholestasis in SGA preterm infants increases with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. The occurrence of cholestasis in SGA preterm infants is influenced by multiple risk factors, including low birth weight, intracranial hemorrhage, invasive ventilation, and the accumulation of amino acids and lipid emulsions, highlighting the need for comprehensive treatment measures to reduce its occurrence.