Crosslinked polymeric networks of TiO₂-polymer composites: a comprehensive review

The crosslinked network of TiO₂-organic polymer composites has gained considerable attention over the past few years. The low band gap of TiO₂ particles and the stimuli-responsive behavior of organic polymers make these composites suitable for a wide range of applications in biomedicine, environmental fields, and catalysis. Diverse morphologies and structures of TiO₂-polymer composites (TPCs) are documented in the available literature, where the specific architecture of these composites intensely influences their efficiency in various applications. Consequently, a particular shaped TPC is carefully designed to suit specific purposes. This comprehensive review describes the classifications, synthetic approaches, characterizations, and applications of TiO₂ nanoparticles decorated in crosslinked organic polymers. It delves into the biomedical, catalytic, adsorption, and environmental applications of these TiO₂-polymer composites. The review takes a tutorial approach, systematically exploring and clarifying the applications of TiO₂-polymer composites, offering a comprehensive understanding of their different capabilities and uses.