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Cortical development in the structural model and free energy minimization.

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This study models neocortical development using the Free Energy Principle, revealing how neural plasticity and apoptotic selection create paired systems with mirror symmetry. These systems, interacting via Markov blankets, explain neocortical organization and sensory processing differences.

Keywords:
Markov blanketscortical developmentfree energy principlepredictive codingstructural model

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Free Energy Principle offers a framework for understanding brain function and development.
  • The Structural Model of Barbas et al. and functional interpretations by Tucker and Luu provide a basis for neocortical organization.
  • Neural plasticity, including Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning, is crucial for synaptic modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model neocortical development using the Free Energy Principle within an established structural framework.
  • To explain the emergence of paired connection systems, mirror symmetry, and Markov blankets in the neocortex.
  • To elucidate how these structures contribute to neuronal function, sensory processing, and overall cortical organization.

Main Methods:

  • Application of Friston's Free Energy Principle to a model of neocortical development.
  • Incorporation of Hebbian and anti-Hebbian plasticity with apoptotic selection for neural field evolution.
  • Analysis of Markov blanket interactions along radial developmental lines within the Structural Model.

Main Results:

  • Evolution of paired connection systems with mirror symmetry interacting via Markov blankets.
  • Emergence of a primary Markov blanket between neocortical layers, influencing synaptic flux.
  • Axonal orientation in layer 4 dictates shape and movement sensitivities in dorsal and ventral neocortex.
  • Prediction error minimization integrates subcortical networks with the neocortex.

Conclusions:

  • The model successfully explains the development of neocortical structure and function, including sensory processing specializations.
  • Markov blankets play a key role in integrating information across different cortical layers and brain regions.
  • The emergence of hierarchical and nested Markov blankets accounts for the complex organization of columnar and noncolumnar cortex.