Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.4K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.4K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

20.6K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
20.6K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

66.4K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
66.4K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

11.6K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
11.6K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

41.6K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
41.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Carbene Analogues of Group 15: Reduction of s-Hydrindacene-Based Chloropnictogenium Ions To Access an Antimony Hydride Monocation and a Trinuclear Bismuth Dication.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Malte Fischer.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

<i>In Crystallo</i> Synthesis of a Triplet Silver Nitrene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Iron to Cobalt Swapping in a Bioinspired Heme-Peroxidase: Structural Characterization and Functional Implications.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Isolation and Reactivity of a Square-Planar Trisamido Silane.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A Substrate-Dependent Redox Catalysis of Tellurenyl Species Involving Oxidation States +I, +II, and +IV.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Harnessing Naphthalimide Scaffolds for Sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> Utilization: A Metal-, Halide-, and Solvent-Free Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Cycloaddition via Sequential Two-Photon Activation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Protein-Independent Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Adenosine Triphosphate Under Crowded Conditions.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

A Unified Approach for the Synthesis of Conformationally Locked and sp<sup>2</sup>-sp<sup>3</sup> Fused Hybrids.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Decoding Heptazine Architectures: From Molecular Association to Structural Insight.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

An Electrophilic Uridine Building Block for Post-Synthetic RNA Modification as Exemplified for Spin Labeling.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Recent Advances in Pd-Catalyzed Directed meta-C-H Olefination: Strategies and Outlook.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Synthesis of Cationized Magnetoferritin for Ultra-fast Magnetization of Cells
10:23

Synthesis of Cationized Magnetoferritin for Ultra-fast Magnetization of Cells

Published on: December 13, 2016

9.9K

Heavier Diferrocenylpnictogenium Ions.

Corina Stoian1, Marian Olaru1, Serhiy Demeshko2

  • 1Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized and characterized heavier diferrocenylpnictogenium ions ([Fc2E]+, E=As, Sb, Bi), extending previous work on the diferrocenylphosphenium ion. Intramolecular iron coordination stabilizes these Lewis acidic compounds.

Keywords:
Carbene analoguesCationsFerroceneLewis acidsPnictogenium ions

More Related Videos

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.6K
Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII
04:48

Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII

Published on: May 4, 2020

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Synthesis of Cationized Magnetoferritin for Ultra-fast Magnetization of Cells
10:23

Synthesis of Cationized Magnetoferritin for Ultra-fast Magnetization of Cells

Published on: December 13, 2016

9.9K
Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

10.6K
Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII
04:48

Setup of Capillary Electrophoresis-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CE-ICP-MS for Quantification of Iron Redox Species FeII, FeIII

Published on: May 4, 2020

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Main Group Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Diferrocenylphosphenium ions ([Fc2P]+) are known compounds.
  • Extending the study to heavier pnictogens (As, Sb, Bi) is of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize heavier diferrocenylpnictogenium ions ([Fc2E]+, E=As, Sb, Bi).
  • To investigate the structural, electronic, and reactivity properties of these compounds.
  • To compare the properties with the lighter diferrocenylphosphenium ion.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of [Fc2E]+ (E=As, Sb, Bi) compounds.
  • Characterization using X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy.
  • Determination of Lewis acidities using the Gutmann-Beckett method.
  • Electrochemical oxidation and reduction studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and structural characterization of [Fc2E]+ (E=P, As, Sb, Bi).
  • Observation of intramolecular iron coordination to the pnictogen atoms.
  • Compounds exhibit strong Lewis acidity.
  • Oxidation leads to dications [Fc2E]2+ (E=P, As) and reduction yields neutral dipnictogens Fc2EEFc2 (E=P, As).

Conclusions:

  • Intramolecular iron coordination stabilizes the electron-deficient pnictogen center.
  • The synthesized compounds are strong Lewis acids.
  • The reactivity includes formation of dications and neutral dipnictogens.