GDF15 is still a mystery hormone
Casper M Sigvardsen1, Michael M Richter2, Sarah Engelbeen3
1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|October 29, 2024
Summary
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a complex protein regulating appetite and metabolism. Recent research explores its secretion, diverse effects, and potential roles beyond its known receptor, GFRAL.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily.
- Despite being identified over two decades ago, the precise functions of GDF15 are still not fully understood.
- Plasma GDF15 levels exhibit significant variability, influenced by physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest advancements in understanding GDF15 secretion.
- To explore the diverse physiological impacts of GDF15.
- To investigate potential GFRAL-independent functions and effects of related precursor proteins.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on GDF15.
- Analysis of GDF15 regulation and secretion mechanisms.
- Examination of GDF15's role in various physiological and disease states.
Main Results:
- GDF15 influences food intake and insulin sensitivity, primarily through the GFRAL receptor in rodents.
- GDF15 levels are elevated in conditions such as pregnancy and various diseases.
- Conversely, GDF15 concentrations are lower in physically fit individuals.
Conclusions:
- GDF15 plays a multifaceted role in metabolic regulation and stress response.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate GDF15's mechanisms of action, including GFRAL-independent pathways.
- Understanding GDF15's complex functions may offer insights into metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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