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Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Absorbent Microbiopsy Sampling and RNA Extraction for Minimally Invasive, Simultaneous Blood and Skin Analysis
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Non-invasive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection and human transcriptome analysis using skin surface lipids.

Tetsuya Kuwano1, Takayuki Kanno2, Minoru Tobiume2

  • 1Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, 321- 3497, Tochigi, Japan. kuwano.tetsuya@kao.com.

Scientific Reports
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in facial skin surface lipids of COVID-19 patients using RT-PCR. This non-invasive method also revealed interferon-stimulated gene upregulation, indicating a molecular response.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2SebumSkinSkin surface lipidTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skin manifestations are reported in COVID-19 patients.
  • The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on skin surfaces, including sebum, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in skin surface lipids (SSLs) of COVID-19 patients.
  • To analyze human transcriptome changes in SSLs.
  • To explore a non-invasive method for SARS-CoV-2 detection and pathogenesis analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Collected facial skin surface lipids (SSLs) using oil-blotting film from hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Utilized real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.
  • Performed human transcriptome analysis on the collected SSL samples.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 84.6% of facial SSL samples within 5 days of symptom onset and 30.4% by 6-10 days.
  • Transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)-related genes (e.g., ISG15, IFITM1, MX1) in SSLs.
  • Demonstrated a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 presence and specific molecular signatures in skin lipids.

Conclusions:

  • Skin surface lipids can be used for non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
  • SSL analysis provides insights into the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19.
  • This technique offers a novel approach for simultaneous viral detection and host response assessment.