Beyond the Grain: Navigating the Intersection of Gluten-Free Diets, Celiac Disease, and Cardiovascular Health

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cardiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals.
• Cardiovascular manifestations are increasingly recognized in CD patients.
• The impact of gluten-free diets (GFD) on cardiac health in CD requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the relationship between celiac disease and cardiovascular manifestations.
• To understand the potential impact of gluten-free diets on cardiac health in CD patients.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review methodology was employed.
• A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies.
• Four pertinent studies were included in the analysis.

Main Results:

• Untreated CD patients exhibit cardiovascular structural and functional abnormalities.
• Electrocardiogram abnormalities and increased arrhythmia predisposition are noted in non-adherent patients.
• A significant association exists between CD and conditions like dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.

Conclusions:

• GFD and immunosuppression may improve cardiac function and reduce arrhythmias in CD patients with cardiac issues.
• Limitations include small sample sizes and heterogeneous cohorts, hindering definitive conclusions on GFD impact.
• Larger, longitudinal studies are essential to clarify mechanisms and optimize management strategies for CD-related cardiovascular complications.