Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.0K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.1K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.5K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.5K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
2.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.5K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Poly(<i>l</i>‑lactic acid) in the Presence of Water.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

STIP1/HOP promotes the formation of cytotoxic α-synuclein oligomers.

Molecular neurodegeneration advances·2026
Same author

Loading Capsaicin onto Lipid Bilayers: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Penetratin: Structure and Interactions with Lipid Membranes of Various Compositions.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

From radiation dose to cellular dynamics: A discrete model for simulating cancer therapy.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Robust methods for the characterization of droplet behavior in molecular dynamics: from contact radius to contact angle.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Correction: Effect of external salt solution concentration on carboxyl dissociation degree (<i>α</i>) and p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of weak polyelectrolyte membranes for sustainable technologies.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Anomalous dewetting dynamics in active entangled polymer films: flexible chains.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Electrorheology of the suspensions of oblate poly(ionic liquid) ellipsoids.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Nanopore sequencing with proteins: synchronization and dischronization of molecular dynamics simulations with laboratory and industrial developments.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Catanionics from biosurfactants and regular surfactants: miscibility and structure.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Adhesives with a thickness smaller than the fractocohesive length enhance adhesion.

Soft matter·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
06:34

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Published on: September 19, 2020

5.8K

Jamming crossovers in a confined driven polymer in solution.

Setarehalsadat Changizrezaei1, Mikko Karttunen1,2, Colin Denniston1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. schangiz@uwo.ca.

Soft Matter
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lattice-Boltzmann molecular dynamics simulations reveal polymer compression behavior. At high velocities, confined polymers exhibit a pseudo two-state coexistence, with dense and non-dense regions.

More Related Videos

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries
10:58

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

Published on: September 6, 2012

10.4K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
06:34

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Published on: September 19, 2020

5.8K
Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries
10:58

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

Published on: September 6, 2012

10.4K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Polymer Physics
  • Computational Biophysics

Background:

  • Confined polymers exhibit unique behaviors distinct from bulk systems.
  • Understanding polymer deformation under external forces is crucial for materials science and nanotechnology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the compression dynamics of a confined polymer driven by a spherical colloid.
  • To analyze the influence of monomer interactions and colloid velocity on polymer deformation and phase behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Lattice-Boltzmann molecular dynamics (LBMD) simulations were employed.
  • Simulations involved a confined polymer in a fluid, pushed by a large sphere.
  • Both repulsive and attractive Lennard-Jones potentials were used for monomer interactions.

Main Results:

  • At low velocities, the polymer remains in a non-dense state regardless of interactions.
  • Above a critical velocity (v*), the polymer's rear transitions to a high-density state with low mean square monomer displacement (MSD).
  • The polymer front maintains a non-dense state with high MSD, indicating a pseudo two-state coexistence.

Conclusions:

  • Colloid velocity is a critical factor in inducing density transitions within confined polymers.
  • The observed pseudo two-state coexistence highlights complex polymer dynamics under confinement and external forces.
  • Further investigation into polymer folding events provides insights into dynamic processes.