The Role of Communities in Nurse-Led Clinics, 1965-2000: Lessons From History

Since the 1960s, nurses have worked to improve access to health care services among underserved communities through the establishment of community-based nurse-led clinics (NLCs). Evidence demonstrates NLCs' effectiveness in delivering high quality and cost-effective primary care services to underserved communities. However, few studies have analyzed the role and meaning of community within NLCs. This article uses historical research to analyze and evaluate the roles played by communities in three community-based NLCs established between the 1960s and 1990s. This research shows that how nurses entered the communities they intended to provide care, the degree to which they collaborated with community members to conceptualize, operationalize, and maintain NLCs, and how they balanced community needs with academic imperatives are critical to understanding and addressing the difficulties NLCs have encountered delivering sustained, community-centered care. This research also addresses the impact on communities when NLCs fail, making clear the need for policy interventions that address the financial and political factors undermining NLCs' sustainability, particularly limitations on nurse practitioners' practice authority and credentialing as Medicaid providers, and reduced reimbursement rates for nurse practitioners. Ultimately, it argues that NLCs' engagement with underserved communities should be historically informed and integrate community expertise, robust community engagement, and community-centered definitions of quality care.