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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells
Published on: December 5, 2018
Engineered exosomes in service of tumor immunotherapy: From optimizing tumor-derived exosomes to delivering
Mingyang Jiang1, Ke Zhang1, Jinfeng Meng2
1Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
Abstract:
Exosomes can be modified and designed for various therapeutic goals because of their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Researchers have identified tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) as significant players in cancer by influencing tumor growth, immune response evasion, angiogeneis, and drug resistance. TEXs promote the production of specific proteins important for cancer progression. Due to their easy accessibility, TEXs are being modified through genetic, drug delivery, membrane, immune system, and chemical alterations to be repurposed as vehicles for delivering drugs to improve cancer treatment outcomes. In the complex in vivo environment, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system encounters challenges from degradation, neutralization, and immune responses, emphasizing the need for strategic distribution strategies for effective genome editing. Engineered exosomes present a promising avenue for delivering CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo. In this review, we will explore different techniques for enhancing TEXs using various engineering strategies. Additionally, we will discuss how these exosomes can be incorporated into advanced genetic engineering systems like CRISPR/Cas9 for possible therapeutic uses.
Insights
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) are engineered for cancer therapy, acting as delivery vehicles for treatments like CRISPR/Cas9. These modified exosomes overcome in vivo challenges for effective genome editing and improved cancer treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cancer Biology
- Molecular Therapeutics
Background:
- Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) play crucial roles in cancer progression, including tumor growth, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance.
- TEXs facilitate cancer advancement by promoting specific protein production.
- The unique characteristics of exosomes allow for modification for therapeutic applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore techniques for enhancing TEXs through various engineering strategies.
- To discuss the incorporation of engineered TEXs into advanced genetic engineering systems, specifically CRISPR/Cas9.
- To highlight the therapeutic potential of engineered exosomes for cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Genetic modification of TEXs.
- Drug delivery system development using TEXs.
- Membrane, immune system, and chemical alterations of TEXs.
- Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 system within engineered exosomes.
Main Results:
- Engineered exosomes show promise as effective in vivo delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents.
- Modification strategies enhance TEXs' capabilities for targeted drug delivery and genetic engineering.
- Overcoming in vivo challenges like degradation and immune response is critical for therapeutic success.
Conclusions:
- Engineered TEXs offer a promising platform for targeted cancer therapy.
- The combination of exosome engineering and CRISPR/Cas9 presents a novel approach for cancer treatment.
- Further research into exosome engineering strategies is essential for realizing their full therapeutic potential.
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