Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

322
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
322
Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

834
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
834
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

144
Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
144
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

3.2K
During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
3.2K
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

115
Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
115
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

2.2K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-Term Outcome of Immunosuppression in a Patient With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Serum-Positive Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Two Unusual Cases of Thrombotic Microangiopathies.

Indian journal of hematology & blood transfusion : an official journal of Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion·2026
Same author

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy-novel insights in long-term outcomes and pathophysiology leading to international guideline modification and new emerging therapies.

Journal of nephrology·2026
Same author

An EEG dataset for understanding driving expertise from naturalistic urban road experiments.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Stuck Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Anticoagulation in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)·2026
Same author

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related acute kidney injury: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for nephrologists.

World journal of nephrology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

17.4K

Understanding renal tubular acidosis.

Samuel Sherng Young Wang1, Haoming Tang2, Wen Qi Jane Ho2

  • 1Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) encompasses disorders of metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, and potassium imbalance due to impaired kidney function. Early diagnosis and treatment of RTA are crucial to prevent severe, long-term health complications.

Keywords:
AetiologyDiagnosisDistalHyperkalaemicPathophysiologyProximalRenal tubular acidosis

More Related Videos

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
08:34

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine

Published on: April 16, 2021

4.6K
Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

17.4K
Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine
08:34

Generation of Human Kidney Tubuloids from Tissue and Urine

Published on: April 16, 2021

4.6K
Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
08:46

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a condition characterized by metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, normal anion gap, and potassium imbalance.
  • Disruptions in renal tubular transport proteins or enzymes, caused by genetic mutations, drugs, or acquired conditions, lead to RTA.
  • RTA can manifest as proximal (type 2), distal (type 1), a mixed variant (type 3), or hyperkalemic (type 4) due to aldosterone issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of renal tubular acidosis.
  • To highlight the diverse causes and classifications of RTA.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of renal tubular acidosis.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiology of bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion.
  • Categorization of RTA types based on clinical and biochemical features.

Main Results:

  • RTA results from impaired kidney function affecting acid-base and electrolyte balance.
  • Hypokalemia is a common complication, potentially leading to paralysis and arrhythmias.
  • Untreated RTA can cause significant long-term issues including growth retardation, bone disease, and kidney stones.

Conclusions:

  • Renal tubular acidosis presents with distinct biochemical abnormalities and varying clinical manifestations.
  • RTA can be an indicator of serious underlying systemic diseases.
  • Understanding RTA facilitates timely medical intervention, mitigating severe health consequences.