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Executive Function Associations With Audibility-Adjusted Speech Perception in Noise.

Mark A Eckert1,2, Lois J Matthews1, Kenneth I Vaden1

  • 1Hearing Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|October 30, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive functions like attention and processing speed are crucial for understanding speech in noisy environments. Deficits in these cognitive skills, particularly in older adults with hearing loss, contribute to poorer speech recognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Speech recognition in noise is a complex cognitive task.
  • Executive functions are vital for managing attention and processing information during speech perception.
  • Hearing loss, especially in older adults, often co-occurs with cognitive decline, impacting speech understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between executive function abilities and speech recognition in noise.
  • To determine if executive function deficits explain poorer speech recognition in older adults with hearing loss.
  • To test the hypothesis that executive functions support speech tracking, attention, and misunderstanding management.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 400 adults (19-90 years) from a longitudinal aging cohort.
  • Assessed executive functions including set-shifting, selective attention, working memory, sustained attention, and processing speed.
  • Measured speech recognition in noise using the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test, adjusted for audibility via the Articulation Index.

Main Results:

  • Set-shifting, dichotic listening (selective attention/working memory), and processing speed significantly predicted audibility-adjusted, low-context SPIN scores.
  • These cognitive functions explained unique variance in speech recognition, even after controlling for age, hearing sensitivity (PTA), sex, and education.
  • Poorer hearing sensitivity was associated with lower executive function and reduced audibility-adjusted speech recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Executive functions, including set-shifting, processing speed, and selective attention, partially explain difficulties in speech recognition in noise.
  • These findings support the role of distinct executive functions in auditory perception.
  • Interventions targeting executive functions may benefit individuals with hearing loss experiencing speech recognition challenges.