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Common Dermatologic Disorders in Down Syndrome: Systematic Review.

Megan Lam1, Justin Di Lu1, Levi Elhadad2

  • 1Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

JMIR Dermatology
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Early screening for these dermatologic disorders is recommended for better management in DS patients.

Keywords:
Down syndromeautoimmunecomorbiditiesdermatologyhidradenitis suppurativainflammatorysystematic reviewtrisomy 21

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Systematic Reviews

Background:

  • Down syndrome (DS) is linked to various health issues, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune system abnormalities.
  • Several dermatologic conditions, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, have been observed in individuals with DS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and characterize the prevalence, clinical presentation, and unique aspects of dermatologic disorders in patients with Down syndrome.
  • To identify common and less common skin conditions associated with DS.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted comprehensive electronic database searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science up to December 14, 2020.
  • Included observational studies and case reports detailing dermatologic disorders in patients with DS.
  • Focused on studies reporting prevalence data for common skin conditions.

Main Results:

  • The review identified 40 observational studies and 99 case reports.
  • Commonly reported dermatologic conditions in DS include atopic dermatitis (19.7% prevalence), onychomycosis (24.7%), and syringomas (21.2%).
  • Other notable conditions include hidradenitis suppurativa, ichthyosis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with Down syndrome exhibit an increased prevalence of various cutaneous disorders, particularly infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and connective tissue conditions.
  • There is a lack of established guidelines for screening, managing, and treating dermatologic conditions in the DS population.
  • Routine dermatologic screening is advised for early diagnosis and treatment in individuals with DS.