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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Spinal Cord01:26

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Establishment of Central Cord Syndrome Model in C57BL/6J Mouse
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Establishment of Central Cord Syndrome Model in C57BL/6J Mouse

Published on: September 8, 2023

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Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome.

Matthew T Carr1, James S Harrop2, John K Houten1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.

Clinical Spine Surgery
|October 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central cord syndrome (CCS), a common spinal cord injury, causes upper limb weakness. Early surgery within 24 hours may improve outcomes for patients with CCS.

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Synergetic Use of Neural Precursor Cells and Self-assembling Peptides in Experimental Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Cord Injury Research

Background:

  • Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most frequent type of incomplete spinal cord injury.
  • Its incidence is rising, particularly in the aging population.
  • CCS is characterized by greater weakness in upper limbs than lower limbs and hand sensory issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, prognosis, and management of central cord syndrome.
  • To evaluate the impact of surgical timing on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on central cord syndrome.
  • It analyzes clinical diagnosis, underlying causes (cervical spondylosis), and injury mechanisms (hyperextension).
  • Prognostic factors and treatment options, including nonoperative and surgical interventions, are discussed.

Main Results:

  • Neurological deficits often improve, but fine motor control in hands may not recover fully.
  • Persistent neuropathic pain is common, even with good motor recovery.
  • Early surgical intervention (within 24 hours) is associated with better neurological recovery, shorter hospital stays, and reduced complications.

Conclusions:

  • Management decisions for CCS should integrate spinal cord compression details, instability, symptom progression, and patient health.
  • While nonoperative care suits some, surgery is typically needed for poor or deteriorating neurological status.
  • Emerging evidence supports early surgical intervention for optimal outcomes in central cord syndrome.