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Congenital Syphilis in the US: A Narrative Review
Mahmoud M Azqul1, Stacey B Griner2, Casey N Pinto1
1From the Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
|October 31, 2024
Summary
Congenital syphilis (CS) cases are rising sharply in the US. Early prenatal screening is vital to prevent severe complications and address this public health challenge.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Maternal Health
Background:
- Congenital syphilis (CS) presents a growing global health concern.
- The US has seen a dramatic increase in CS cases, reaching 102.5 per 100,000 live births in 2022.
- CS can cause severe fetal and infant complications, including death.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on congenital syphilis in the US.
- To examine prevalence, social determinants, and prevention strategies.
- To highlight the importance of screening and address rising trends.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article.
- It critically evaluates existing data and literature on congenital syphilis.
- Focuses on US-based information and trends.
Main Results:
- Maternal factors (age, race, socioeconomic status, healthcare access) and high-risk behaviors are linked to increased CS rates.
- Prenatal syphilis screening is crucial due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection.
- Early antenatal screening is recognized as cost-effective.
Conclusions:
- Addressing the rising congenital syphilis rates requires a multifaceted approach.
- Enhanced prevention efforts and universal prenatal screening are essential.
- Urgent action is needed to combat this escalating public health issue.
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