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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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Core Outcome Domains for Elbow Replacement (CODER).

Adam C Watts1,2,3, Catriona McDaid3, Catherine Hewitt4

  • 1Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.

The Bone & Joint Journal
|October 31, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study defined core outcome domains for elbow replacement surgery through a Delphi survey. Nine essential domains, including pain and function, were identified, with pain recommended as a primary outcome measure.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes

Background:

  • Clinical outcome measures for elbow replacement lack standardization.
  • Inconsistent assessment hinders effective intervention evaluation.
  • A need exists to define core outcome domains for elbow replacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish consensus-based core outcome domains for elbow replacement.
  • To improve consistency in assessing elbow replacement effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • A real-time Delphi survey was conducted with 45 respondents.
  • Outcomes from 362 studies (1990-2021) were reviewed and rationalized.
  • A Patient and Public Inclusion and Engagement (PPIE) panel contributed to findings.

Main Results:

  • Nine core mandatory domains were identified: return to work/daily role, patient satisfaction, willingness to repeat surgery, pain, revision, elbow function, independence in activities of daily living, health-related quality of life, and adverse events.
  • Pain was unanimously recommended as a primary outcome domain by the PPIE panel.
  • 'Elbow range of motion' was deemed less relevant by the PPIE panel despite consensus.

Conclusions:

  • Core domains for elbow replacement outcomes have been defined through consensus.
  • Pain is a key outcome and may serve as a primary measure.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific measurement instruments.