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A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

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Drug Use during Incarceration: A Comprehensive Quality and Prevalence Study in Three Danish Prisons.

Torbjørn Lien Kjær¹, Peter Hindersson², Jacob Rong Bentzen³

¹Danish Prison and Probation Service, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Substance Use & Misuse

|November 1, 2024

Summary

Drug testing in Danish prisons revealed that while on-site screening was acceptable, it missed several substances. Future strategies will use broader methods to improve accuracy and detect emerging drug trends.

Keywords:

Prison drug diversion drug screening drug use new psychoactive substances prevalence quality control study

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Area of Science:

Forensic Toxicology
Clinical Chemistry
Public Health

Background:

Drug use in Danish prisons lacked detailed laboratory analysis.
A quality study was initiated by the Danish Prison and Probation Service.

Purpose of the Study:

Evaluate on-site drug screening performance.
Identify emerging drug trends in correctional facilities.
Propose evidence-based drug testing strategies.

Main Methods:

Analyzed 1952 urine samples from 710 inmates over two years.
Used on-site immunoassay screening and laboratory confirmation (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS).
Tested for 123 analytes, including drugs-of-abuse, medical drugs, metabolites, and new psychoactive substances (NPS).

Main Results:

On-site immunoassay showed 66-100% sensitivity and >95% accuracy.
Laboratory analysis detected substances missed by screening, such as tramadol, oxycodone, and GHB.
Prevalence order: cannabis > ethanol > cocaine > benzodiazepines > amphetamine.

Conclusions:

On-site screening performance was acceptable but insufficient for comprehensive detection.
A broader screening method is recommended for future drug testing in Danish prisons.
No clear trend of new psychoactive substance (NPS) use was observed.